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Global hydrogen production CO2 emissions and average emissions intensity in the Net Zero Scenario, 2019-2030

Last updated 27 Feb 2025

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Notes

“By-product hydrogen” refers to the emissions of by-product hydrogen in refineries assuming an average emissions factor of 10 kg CO2/kg H2; “Upstream and midstream” refers to median values of upstream and midstream emissions intensity of methane and CO2; “Average emissions intensity” is computed including all the emissions reported above.

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